Currently, the industrial processes are focused on improving efficiency. This improvement is mainly focused on reducing of the energy, and increasing the use of renewable resources. Nevertheless, the sustainability concept is quite well known, and its definition considers also the need for reducing the use of the non-renewable resources and the emissions. However, the sustainability is a complex concept and it can be defined as a development that satisfies the needs of the present generation, but considering the future population needs. To do so, all systems, and especially urban systems should be improving their managements to reach the demand’s satisfaction and not compromising the sustainability. If this is considered, the interaction analysis between processes are interesting and very important in any real situation. For example, some of them can be:  the industrial processes and contaminants dispersion, the reduction of leakages in water systems, improving the efficiency energy, the proposal of methodologies to reduce the pathogen intrusion in infrastructures, the resilience analysis of systems in order to improve the answer of the processes when there are extraordinary situations, among others. Therefore, the proposal the methodologies and/or algorithms, which improve the sustainability indicators of the processes are interesting in order to increase the quality of systems as well as the users’ satisfaction. In this frame, this Special Issue aims to propose a collection of worthy studies that combine the aforementioned concepts dealing with: methodologies and/or case studies concerning sustainable building; methodologies and/or case studies concerning the optimization of industrial processes, which consider the resilience of the infrastructures; methodologies and/or case studies concerning the energy efficiency and use of resources (i.e., water, raw material); methodologies and/or case studies concerning the analysis and optimization of energy consumption in buildings and/or infrastructures; numerical/experimental studies considering the implication of the current processes in the decrease of the sustainability in our cities.
Keywords: Sustainability; Resilience; Optimization of industrial processes; Urban systems; Efficiency improvement; Sustainability Indicators; Optimization modelling.